Security Deposit in France: What It Is, How Much, and When You Get It Back
If you’re moving into student housing in France, your lease will likely include a security deposit (called “caution” in French). But what is it exactly? How much will you have to pay? And how do you make sure you get it back when you leave? Here’s everything you need to know.
🔐 What Is a Security Deposit (Caution)?
The security deposit is a sum of money you pay to the landlord when you sign your lease. It serves as a financial guarantee for the owner in case of:
- Unpaid rent
- Damage to the property
- Insufficient cleaning upon departure
💡 Don’t confuse this with a guarantor (a person or organization who promises to pay your rent if you can’t). The deposit is real money you pay at the start.
💶 How Much Is the Deposit?
It depends on the type of accommodation:
- Unfurnished rental: 1 month of rent (excluding utilities)
- Furnished rental: Up to 2 months of rent (excluding utilities)
⚠️ Landlords are not allowed to ask for more than this (unless it’s a short-term or seasonal rental).
📅 When Do You Pay the Deposit?
You must pay the security deposit at the moment you sign the lease and before receiving the keys.
This is usually done by bank transfer or via an online platform if you’re booking through a rental service.
📤 When Do You Get the Deposit Back?
When you move out, your landlord has:
- 1 month to refund your deposit if the apartment is in good condition
- 2 months if damages or repairs are needed
The amount refunded depends on the move-out inspection (called “état des lieux”). If everything matches the condition at move-in, you should receive the full amount.
🧽 Tips to Make Sure You Get It Back
Here’s how to avoid trouble when leaving:
- Do a detailed move-in inspection (with photos!)
- Clean thoroughly before leaving
- Be present during the move-out inspection
- Return all keys and access badges
If the landlord keeps part of your deposit, they must provide proof (invoices, photos, repair estimates…)
❓ FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
What if the landlord doesn’t return my deposit?
They are legally required to return it within the deadline. If not, you can send a formal letter, contact a mediation service, or take legal action (small claims court).
Can I use my deposit to pay the last month’s rent?
❌ No. This is illegal in France unless your landlord agrees in writing (which is very rare).
What if I leave before the end of my lease?
You can leave by giving proper notice (usually 1 month), but the deposit will only be refunded after the final inspection.
✅ Summary
- ✔ The deposit is mandatory for most French rental contracts
- ✔ It protects the landlord in case of damages or unpaid rent
- ✔ You get it back within 1 or 2 months after moving out
- ✔ Prepare well to avoid disputes and get your money back!
📎 Want to learn more about student housing in France? Check out our other guides: